Second-Wave Feminism and Labour in Canada - 2863 Words

Canadian workplaces today seem to be a fairly diverse place, with a blend of many religions, ethnicities, and genders present. However, although people preach affirmative action and melting pots in current times, many inequality and power issues still abound. One strikingly noticeable example is gender discrimination. Women in the workforce face many challenges like smaller wages, harassment, male privilege in hiring or promotions, and lack of support when pregnant or raising children. One half of the planet is women, and it can be assumed the same for Canada, but they still face judgment at work because they lack the authority to dispute against big corporations or even their male supervisor. It cannot be argued that†¦show more content†¦al, 1996, p. 65). Minority women faced greater oppression, and were less likely to be hired. If they were lucky enough to find a job, it was usually low-ranking, part-time, and short-term, as employers eagerly replaced them with Caucasians, men or both (Frances et. al, 1996, pp. 69-70). Part-time work was very common, with 25% of female workers part-time in 1989 (Frances et. al, 1996, p. 66), displaying an employer’s reluctance to allow women employees. Even as more females entered the workforce despite resistance, they were still discriminated against due to the current powers in charge. The main goal of second-wave feminism with regards to women and labour was changing the power structure through legal means to ensure female workers. To begin this movement, a royal commission was called for. The Royal Commission on the Status of Women (RCSW) was created to bring equality to women all over Canada, not just in the workforce. It was needed due to the influx of women at work in the 1960s after large numbers of women stated working in both male and female oriented employment in 1943 due to the Second World War. Many refused to quit their jobs after the war ended and the soldiers returned (Morris, 2013). Although legally allowed to work, it is obvious through widely-known tropes of the time (the good housewife versus bad female labourer) that women were discouraged from working outside the home. StudentShow MoreRelatedThe Second Wave Of Feminism2200 Words   |  9 PagesThe Second Wave of Feminism Betty Friedan, feminist author of The Feminine Mystique, wrote, The problem lay buried, unspoken for many years in the minds of†¦women. It was a strange stirring, a sense of dissatisfaction, a yearning that women suffered in the middle of the twentieth century†¦ Each suburban housewife struggled with it alone†¦ she was afraid to even ask of herself the silent question – ‘Is this all?’† Authors such as Betty Friedan wrote about their struggles in novels and articles in theRead MoreWomen s Movements Across The Globe1512 Words   |  7 PagesWomen’s movements across the globe, notably among the Western nations, are part of the international social movements which brought about major changes to the lives of many women in the United States, Canada and most other parts of the Western world. This is, because these movements opened women to professions and blue-collar jobs that previously had been reserved for men exclusively. The heyday of t he women’s movement was in the late 1960s and early 1970s. 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The Women’s Movement has achieved a formal degree of equality in regards to political, economical and legal means. The Women’s Movement has allowed many of what we today feel as a right come into light and result in what we currently takeRead MoreWomen, Ageism, and Poverty in Canada2779 Words   |  12 PagesAgeism and Poverty in Canada Women have benefitted greatly from the efforts of Feminism. The three waves of feminism have given women the vote, control over their bodies, freedom of choice, the right to pursue higher education, empowerment, the ability to identify areas of inequality, the right to attain male dominated jobs and the right to expect equal pay for work of equal value. Women have fought hard to obtain the tools to rise above the glass ceiling. For all that feminism has accomplished, thereRead MoreGender Inequality Within The United States1531 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing shared more equally in workspace due to the feminism movements and higher literacy level of women, but there are still gender inequality existing in our society. Feminism movements have a significant effect on western society, including the equal access to employment opportunities and freedom to do whatever they want. From the second wave feminism, feminists attempted to change and eased the obstacles that women face in workplace Feminism movements also allowed women to expand their careersRead MoreWomen s Right Movement And Feminism2394 Words   |  10 PagesWomen’s Right Movement and Feminism in the 20th Century Women have always experienced inequality however there has always been a fight for equality. 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The Attorney General of The Republic of Botswana v Unity Dow 9.) Judgment of the Constitutional Court of Colombia 10.) Fernandes v Brazil 11.) Åžahide Goekce (deceased) v Austria and Fatma Yildirim (deceased) v Austria 12.) Air India Vs Nargesh

The Humanity of Achilles Essay - 922 Words

As George Eliot once said, â€Å"It is a narrow mind which cannot look at a subject from various points of view.† Whether viewing a piece of artwork or another person, there are often many points of view to evaluate in order to find the true core of the subject. In great works of literature, authors often create complex and dynamic characters to add depth and meaning into the story. In the Iliad, Homer beautifully depicts the multifaceted character of Achilles as an epic hero. As readers look closely at Achilles, he reveals different sides of himself as the epic poem develops. Representing the struggle between his dominant, selfish, and Dionysian nature as an epic hero and his hidden empathetic Apollonian core, Achilles reveals the mythos of†¦show more content†¦The taking of Bryseis angered Achilles because she represented his success as a leader. Achilles also consistently shows another Dionysian trait throughout the Iliad: the seeking of revenge. In the Iliad Pat roclus, a trusted friend of Achilles goes to fight against Hector while Achilles is away from the war. Ultimately, Patroclus is murdered by Hector on the battlefield and Achilles greatly mourns him (Homer 16.77-867). Achilles was deeply saddened by the death of his beloved comrade and â€Å"grief took hold of [him]† (Hamilton 197). Representing Sigmund Freud’s principle of homo lomini lupus or man is a wolf to man, Achilles wants to avenge his friend’s life by murdering the one who murdered him. Mankind has the tendency to do unto others as others have done unto them. Hector killed Patroclus but Achilles is blind to his motives as to why. He doesn’t see that Hector killed Patroclus in self-defense during a battle but he only views Hector as a murderer. The blindness with which Achilles acts shows an immense force working in Achilles. According to Simone Weil force is â€Å"that x that turns anybody who is subjected to it into a thing† (Benfey,82). In this case the force that acts on Achilles is the degrading force of anger due to war. The war has stripped Achilles of his humanity and ability to act rationally. If Achilles continues to behave primarily in a Dionysian way, he will become the cause of his own ultimate detriment.Show MoreRelatedAchilles Vs. Hector : Achilles And Hector883 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribes majority of the war that went on between the Greek and Trojan, which included the warriors Achilles and Hector. Throughout the poem the similarities and the differences became evident between the main characters, Achilles and Hector. Although Achilles and Hector are considered two different types of heroes, they had their similarities as much as they had their differences. Both Achilles and Hector were the greatest warriors of their armies, and both are very stubborn when it comes to theirRead MoreHuman Morality In Athenians And Achilles1335 Words   |  6 Pagesmorality that plague both the Athenians and Achille s. During crises, they lose their humanity and compassion for others. Humanity is complex, and one aspect of it is the human capacity to empathize with other creatures. Not being able to empathize with others is a sign of a lack of humanity, and in the modern world is associated, when dramatic enough, with psychopathy. This can be applied to the mental states of the people in these works as well. Achilles loses his connection with his people and strugglesRead MoreEssay On Simile In The Iliad790 Words   |  4 Pagesprotagonist: Achilles. Achilles is a complex and dynamic character. Despite his almost superhuman strength defining his identity, he rejects the heroic code, and his fated downfall in The Iliad’s Book 24 ultimately defines him. The Homeric simile symbolizes Achilles’ strength in battle, juxtaposes him with other characters of the poem, and emphasizes his rage and decline in humanity throughout The Iliad. The Homeric simile shows both Achilles’ agility in battle and his rage. Homer describes Achilles’ inRead MoreThe Warrior Achilles959 Words   |  4 PagesThe warrior Achilles, within the final year of the Trojan War, has shown why he is a skilled warrior and revved individual, nearly godlike. In addition to that, at times throughout the lliad, showing his humanity in moments that have touched him dearly. As it is portrayed throughout the lliad, when it came down between the embassies of Priam and Agamemnon’s, it would be a decision which Achilles makes ultimately for his own reasoning and benefit. It would be Priam, who would be able to sway the greatRead MoreThe Peloponnesian As A Noble Empire1237 Words   |  5 PagesThucydides believes war teaches that although humans are able to strive to a high standard of civilization conflict will bring human’s downfall to chaos. Homer, however, depicts humanity as often failing to reach their standards, but havi ng empathy in the end. Athens introduces itself in The History of the Peloponnesian as a noble empire. The Athenians state that â€Å"We consider that we are worthy of our power† (HPW, 76) to argue that although Athens took power they have done nothing wrong since theyRead MoreWhat Makes A Hero?1115 Words   |  5 Pagescharacteristic of Achilles personality that has not been learned yet. Although will later on thanks to a journey that will befall him. Learning that there is more to life than pride. One of the most important things to Achilles is his pride and this is shown in the line â€Å"mother since you bore me for a short life only / Olympian Zeus was supposed to grant me honor / well he hasn’t given me any at all. Agamemnon / has taken away my prize and dishonored me (book 1. line 367 - 370)’’. In this scene Achilles triesRead MoreOf Redemption In The Illiad In The Iliad1022 Words   |  5 PagesAchilles: Let the Redeemed Say So Some basic human needs are specific. Some needs are universal. One need, that is both specific and universal, is the need to be redeemed. Every human experiences this basic need (whether they know it or not). The tale of Achilles in Homer’s epic, The Iliad, is a masterful account of man’s redemption. Redemption is to be set free, and the word â€Å"redeem† means to essentially purchase or pay for something; freedom is bought with a price. Homer used the loss of Achilles’Read MoreThe Homeric World Of The Iliad1457 Words   |  6 Pageseither lead to their resolution or downfall. Although Achilles may not have been the most tolerant individual, in the Homeric sense of the word, he is most certainly a hero. Achilles is notorious for his uncontrollable rage, which allows him to be recognized as a feared and ruthless warrior among the Trojans. In this manner, his fractious temper is the leading cause of his fearless and courageous actions demonstrated throughout the Iliad. Humanity is often burdened by the weakness and vulnerabilityRead MoreAchilles : An Epic Hero1253 Words   |  6 PagesArmour Professor Kimberly Smith World Literature 21 February 2017 Achilles: An Epic Hero in an Epic Poem In the battle between Hector and Achilles, there was more on the line than winning the war. Until the end of the poem, it can be argued that both Achilles and Hector fit the role of an epic hero, but there can only be one. The battle represented who would ultimately be determined the epic hero. In Homer’s epic poem, The Iliad, Achilles is crafted into an epic hero throughout the poem by the illustrationRead MoreRansom: What Defines a Man Essays736 Words   |  3 Pagesman’s emotional connections with others define him. Priam’s humble request of Achilles, and Achille’s agreement to this, humanize the two men and highlight their compassionate sides as opposed to their societal statuses. However, the love both men have for their sons is, and always has been, entrenched in their identities, and prompts these life-changing actions. In dismissing his royal obligations and appealing to Achilles as a man and a father, Priam defied his lifelong identity as a ‘ceremonial

The Chrysalids, by John Wyndham Essay Example For Students

The Chrysalids, by John Wyndham Essay A society is an organized group of individuals. In the novel, The Chrysalids, by John Wyndham the Sealand society and Waknuk society are both similar and different in the way they live. The Sealand and Waknuk societies are both egocentric and ignorant, but the Sealand society accepts changes, where the Waknuk society does not accept change and would rather stay the same. Both the Sealand and Waknuk societies experience egocentricism. The Sealand society believes that Waknuk and other societies are uncivilized. An example of this is when the Sealand woman suggests that Waknuk is primitive and David and the thought-shape group are close to being primitive too. The Sealand society also shows eocentricism when they come for Petra, David and Rosalind because they kill everybody who is unable to send thought-shapes. The Waknuk society is egocentric because they banish people who are different to the Fringes or destroy and kill crops and animals because they are offences. Another example that shows Waknuk is egocentric is that they believe they are the rue image and all other societies are primitive and the work of the devil. Not only do these two societies show egocentricism, they are also ignorant. These two societies are ignorant because they do not know a lot about the world. The Sealand society was unaware of how huge the world really was when they came for David, Rosalind and Petra. They think that the true image should be able to send thought-shapes. The Waknuk society was unaware of what the world really looked like. They were afraid of what was beyond the Badlands, so therefore they did not know much about the rest of the world. The people of Waknuk did not know that the people of the Fringes believed in God. An example of this is when David is talking to a Fringes man, God s little game of patience I reckon it is, but He certainly takes His time over it. God I said doubtfully. They ve always taught us that it s the Devil that rules in the Fringes. pg. 153. Although the Sealand society and Waknuk society seem similar, they are also different. The Sealand society wants change where the Waknuk society wants to stay the same. Unlike Waknuk, Sealand does not want to be like the Old People. This is shown when the Sealand woman tells David, We are the New People your kind of people. The people who can think-together. We re the people who are going to build a new kind of world different from the Old People s world and the savages. pg. 156. The Sealand society also has developed advanced technology such as flying machines and horseless carriages, proving that they are ready to make a new world. The Waknuk society is a replica of the Old People and they do not want change. This is shown when they try to follow the Old People s way and do not think for themselves. The people of Waknuk have not developed their technology because they are afraid they might offend God and cause another Tribulation. Therefore these two societies are different. In this novel the Sealand society and Waknuk society are different but also are very similar. Both societies are egocentric and ignorant, but the Sealand society wants change and the Waknuk society would rather stay the same.

Technological Advancement and the Effect on the Ecosystem free essay sample

While technology can be a powerful force to improve our standard of living, it comes at a cost. New technological goods are often burdensome to the environment. This damage may come from acquiring the resources to produce new technology, or from toxic byproducts of technological production. It can consist of environmentally harmful waste produced by the technology itself, or the castoff remains of obsolete technology. Some categories of technology, such as electronics, require resources that are difficult to acquire without harming the environment. For example, the advanced batteries in hybrid cars are composed of nickel and rare-earth metals. Mining these materials is a significant source of harmful emissions, including solvent vapors, sulfuric acid, and coal dust. Acid-laden water discharges kill all plant and animal life around nearby waterways and have sickened and killed nearby rural residents.This mining largely takes place in China, which has admitted that it sells the rare-earths cheaply because it sacrifices environmental safety standards in the mining process. We will write a custom essay sample on Technological Advancement and the Effect on the Ecosystem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Similar batteries exist in personal consumer electronics, hard drives, fuel cells, wind turbines, polishing powders and catalytic converters. Advances in farming technology have led to cheaper and more diverse food options, but technological advances that improve production, such as pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers, can also harm the environment. Modern fertilizers increase yields, but they linger in the local environment, damaging soil and groundwater and creating dead zones in lakes and oceans. Pesticides may kill off the pests that affect current crops, but also kills beneficial insects and amphibians, and can build up a population of pesticide-resistant insects that will damage future yields. The use of technology can ease our lives, but it can also damage the environment. The most obvious example of technology usage producing harmful by-products is the greenhouse gases and other toxic emissions from transportation technology.Refrigeration technology produces hazardous gases that can damage the ozone layer and produce toxic liquid effluents that make their way into drainage ways and poison water animals . Even appliances like the clothes washer create microplastic-laden wastewater that winds up in the ocean, where it can be eaten by birds and sea animals. New advances in technology often render old technology useless. Discarding outdated or worn out technological goods is a significant source of environmental damage. For example, contemporary compact fluorescent light bulbs contain mercury, which is toxic to both humans and animals. Old thermometers also contained mercury, as do some batteries manufactured prior to the mid-1990s. Discarded vehicles left in place for long periods eventually leak toxic fluids into the ground, where they kill plants, animals and soil microbes. Rainfall can wash pollutants from the discarded technology into waterways, spreading poisons into natural systems and the human food supply.

Whaling In Us Compared To Japan Essays - Whaling, Whale, Gray Whale

Whaling In Us Compared To Japan Essays - Whaling, Whale, Gray Whale Whaling In Us Compared To Japan Did you know that in the last 50 years over two million whales have been killed? The United States views whaling very differently than Japan does. It is a complicated and controversial topic. Many people have opinions about whale hunting. However, everyone should know both sides of the whale hunting issues before they act on the issue. To start out I am going to tell you a little about whaling. The first whale hunters were in the prehistoric times. At first they would just kill and eat beached whales. That became such a habit that they started hunting them. Most whale hunters use harpoons, guns, lances, or bombs that blow up inside the whale. They use catcher boats, or kayaks. In 1925, whalers developed factory ships that could hold 12 catcher boats and a crew of about 400. These ships had radar under the boat that could detect where the whales were. These boats are what made it so easy to hunt whales. In 1931, the International Whaling Convention began. The major whaling countries formed the IWC to protect whales from being over hunted and to regulate the whaling industries. The main duty of the IWC is to keep under review and revise the measures laid down in the Schedule to Convention, which governs the conduct of whaling throughout the world. These measures provide for the protection of certain species; designate specified areas as whale sanctuaries; set limits on the numbers and size of whales which can be taken; have open and closed seasons and areas for whaling; and prohibit the capture of female whales accompanied by calves. The United States stopped whale hunting in 1940 because of the International Whaling Convention and also because Congress made an U.S. code on whale hunting. The United States never depended on whale meat like Japan. They mostly whale hunted for a hobby. The Congress feels that whales are a unique resource of great scientific interest to mankind and are a vital part of the marine ecosystem. Man has overexploited whales for many years, highly reducing species and endangering others. The United States has extended its responsibilities to protect all marine animals. They think that whales are a particular interest to citizens of the United States. Japan started whaling way back in the 2nd Century BC. They whale because they have whale meat as part of their diet. In 1946, whale meat was not considered special food anymore but was necessary to keep the Japanese healthy and alive because they depended on it for so long. People ate whale meat as a source of protein whether they liked it or not. In 1947, about 47% of the total animal protein was whale meat. Until the 1960's, whale meat continued to be their main source of protein. In 1962, the whaling industry recorded 226,000 tons of whale meat; this was the highest amount throughout the history of the Japanese whaling. The percentage of whale meat consumption compared to the total animal meat consumption was 23% in 1964. (whalenet 1) Whale meat was the only meat served in school lunches, which began in 1947 and continued until the mid-1950. After that, pork and chicken began to be served in school lunches and the amount of whale meat decreased. In the mid-1970's, whale meat was u sed more than any other meat and today it still is but has reduced highly since then. In the United States there is an Indian Tribe that is still whaling. This Tribe is called the Makah Indians. They are from the western state of Washington. They are allowed to hunt because the IWC believes that whaling has been in their tradition for so long that it is all right. Whaling has been a tradition of the Makah for more than 2000 years. They had to stop in the 1920s due to there not being many gray whales still alive. The gray whales abundance now makes it possible for them to hunt again. One Makah Indian says, I feel that our health problems result, in some degree, to the loss of our traditional diet of seafood and sea mammal meat. We would like to restore the meat of the

Charles Dickens

INTRODUCTION This report will talk about the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens. It will tell you about his early, middle, and later years of his life. It will also talk about one of his great works of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his work to his life. Plagiarism Detection >EARLY LIFE Charles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was free he lacked the money to support his family. Then, when Charles was two they moved to London.1Just before he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped out of it until he died. He was a good man, as men go in the bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a little too irritable because he was a little too happy. Like the over-wrought child in society, he was splendidly sociable, and in and yet sometimes quarrelsome. In all the practical relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affectionate and happy, and in some strange way fundamentally sad and dangerously close to tears. 2At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London factory pasting labels on bottles of shoe polish. He held the job only for a few months, but the misery of the experience remain with him all his life. 3Dickens attended school off and on until he was 15, and then left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of adventure stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier English writers as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. However, most of the knowledge he later used as an author came from his environment around him. 4MIDDLE LIFE Dickens became a newspaper writer and reporter in the late 1820s. He specialized in cover ing debates in Parliament, and also wrote feature articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his naturally keen ear for conversation and helped develop his skill in portraying his characters speach realistically. It also increased his ability to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens first book, Sketches by Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was just a few days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work printed in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. And this was the beginning of his career. 6Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died. He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly parts in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous adventure and misadventures of the English Countryside. After a slow start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was usually called gained a popularity seldom matched in the history of literature. 7Then in 1837, Catherines sister Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to believe that Dickens loved Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman but she lacked intelligence. Dickens and Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8LATER LIFE,/b His later years was basically consisting of two main additions to his previous activites.The first was a series of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a successive editor. Dickens had been many things in his life; he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9Dickens had a remarkable mental and physical energy. He recorded all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which made delightful readings. He spent much of his later life with crowded social friends from arts and literature. He also went to the theater as often as he could, cause he loved drama. Dickens also produced and acted in small theaters to give public readings of his work.10Besides doing all this after his retirement he got involved in various charities . These charities included schools for poor children and a loan society to enable the poor to prove to Australia. 11Then about 1865 his health started to decline and he died of a stroke on June 9, 1870. 12Conclusion His work of Great Expectation is very related with his life. It deals with the same problems he faced when he lost Catherine and how his life was before he became rich and famous. He also created scenes and descriptions of places that have longed delighted readers. Dickens was a keen observer of life and had a great understanding of humanity, especially of young people. The warmth and humor of his personality appeared in all of his works. Perhaps in no other large body of fiction does the reader receive so strong and agreeable impression of the person behind the story.Endnotes 1. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of The Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg.19 2. Ibid, pg. 21-22 3. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph. Rev. ed. Viking, 1977, pg. 20 4. Ibid, pg. 27 5. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg. 193 6. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of the Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg. 50 7. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg. 193 8. Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph. Rev. ed. Viking, 1977, pg. 53 9. G. K. Chesterton, Charles Dickens The Last of the Great Men, American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942 pg. 167 10. World Book Encyclopedia, Random House, NY., 1990 pg.195 11. Ibid 12. IbidBIBLIOGRAPHY Â  Chesterton, G.K., The Last of the Great Men American Book-Stratford Press, NY., 1942. Plagiarism Detection >Johnson, Edgar, His Tragedy and Triumph Rev. ed. Viking, 1977.World Book Encyclopedia, Random H ouse, NY., 1990

The constitutional jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice is a Essay

The constitutional jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice is a paradigm of judicial Activism. Discuss in relation to Art. 234 EC - Essay Example , the judicial activism of the European Court of Justice has been one of the most intriguing aspects of the evolving legal and judicial framework in Europe, because it â€Å"appoints the European Court as meeting place between the legal order of the Community and those of its member states.†3 It has in fact, represented the driving force of European integration through the fashioning of a constitutional framework for a federal type of structure within the European Union.4 The legislative process within the European Union has often been characterized by inertia, as a result of which the ECJ has had to exercise judicial creativity, to address the gap between voter wishes and political decisions which is not well defined in the European Community as it is in a democracy.5 In the context of Article 234 of the EC Treaty that places the European Court of Justice in the role of interpreter of the aims and objectives of the Treaty, creative European jurisprudence has often required that the ECJ not send away an individual litigant or a national Judge without an answer, in order to avoid denial of justice. As a result, this has often required creative judicial interpretation that has caused it to be accused of judicial activism.6 The Court has adopted the teleological method in its approach to judicial interpretation, wherein a rule is interpreted by taking into account the purpose of the rule and the aim and objective it seeks to accomplish, as stated in the case of CIFLIT, â€Å"every provision of Community law must be placed in its context and interpreted in the light of the provisions of E.C. law as a whole, regard being had to the objectives thereof and to its state of evolution at the date on which the provision in question is to be applied.†7 The factor that will determine when judicial activity strays into the field of judicial activism is determined by the extent to which the judicial function strays into the political realm. The European Court of Justice has